lH<,FGF :YFlGK ;FlCtI
lGDFR6 V>tgRt UFDGL ;FDFgI DFlCTL
VDFrF UFDG]> GFD rF,[H K[.t[ B>EFT TF,]KFDF> VG[ VF6>d lH<,FDF> VFJ[,]> K[.2011 GL
J:TL U6TrL D]HA UFDDF> 4020 5]r]QFM
VG[ 3677 :+LVM
Y.G[ k], 7697 GL J:TL K[.UFDDF> dr RMrs ikDLV[
1539
GL J:TLULRTF K[.UFDDF> dr 1000
5]r]QFMV[ 915 :+LVM
K[.UFDDF
5]r]QFMGL ;F1FrTF 74 @ VG[ :+LVMGL ;F1FrTF
56 @
Y.G [k], ;F1FrTF 65 @ GL K[. UFDDF D]bItJ[ 58[,,1Fl+I,D]l:,D,rFJ/,J6kr,ClrHG,va6rI,JF/>d,5/HF5lT,;]YFr,,]CFr JU[r[ 7FlTVMGF ,MkM
J;[ K[.UFDDF
lCgd] VG[ D];,DFG WDRGF ,Mko rC[K[.UFDDF
kFRF DF8LGF DkFGM
,KF5rFJF/F VG[ %FFkF DkFGM HMJF D/[ K[.UFDDF
AF/kMG[ K}8YL rDJF D/[ T[JL HuIF lXkMTr DFTFGF m>idr[
K[.
UFDDF GJZFl+GL pHJ6L VFB] UFD ;FY[ D/LG[ SZ[ K[.UFDDF
5F6LGL ;UJ0TF DF8[ 5FTF/ S}JF,T/FJ VG[ R[S0[D K[. UFDGM 5FSM Z:TM UFDG[
JF;6F,p>d[, VG[ J+F ;FY[ HM0[ K[.
zL ;\HIEF. ZD^FEF.
58[, UFDGF\ ;Z5\R K[.UFDDF
A; :8[XG K[.UFDDF JLH/L,8[l,OMG,DMAF.,, 8[l,lJhG,Sd%I]8Z,OM8M:8[8 SM5L DXLG JU[r[GL ;]lJWF K[.UFDDF
RS,L,SA}TZ,SFAZ,SFU0M,DMZ,CM,M,5M58,SMI,
JU[r[ 51FLVM . UFI,E[>;,ASZL,3[8F,}>8,S}TZF,lA,F0L,lXIF/,;;,]
JU[r[ 5/F6LVM
VG[ SL0L,D>SM0F,SZMl/IF,TL0,.I/,DrKZ,DXL JU[r[
HLJH>T]VM HMJF D/[ K[.UFDDF ,LD0M,VF>AM,AFJ/,U],DCMZ,J0,5L5/,S6HL
JU[r[GF J<1FM VG[ S[ZL,55{I],,L>A],RLS],HF>A] JU[r
[ O/M YFI K[.UFDDF VG[ XF/FDF lS/S[8,BM BM,SA¬L,JM,LAM, JU[r[
ZDTM ZDFI K[.
EF{UMl,S DFlCTL :
ZF,[H
UFD 22
18 4 p²FZ V1FF>X TYF 72 40 59 5}JR Z[BF>X 5Z VFJ[,] K[.UFDGL
p²FZ [p>d[,,dl1F6[ ZFH5]Z 5}JR[
J+F VG[ 5lÃD[ B>EFT sJF;6FÝ VFJ[,F
K[.UFD TF,]KF DYS B>EFTYL
6 lSDL
5}JR ldXFDF
VG[ lH<,F
DYS VF6>dYL 55 lSDL dl1F6 ldXFDF VFJ[,]
K[.UFDGL HDLG Z[TF/ K[.UFDDF ;Z[ZFX 22 [>c H[8,M
JZ;Fd 50[ K[.UFDGL VFAMCJF ;D K[.DC²FD TF5DFG 43
VG[ gI}GTD TF5DFG 9 H[8,] K[.UFDDF
D]bItJ[ AFHZL,0F>UZ,3]>,TDFS],ZFHUZM,ZFI0M,X¡lZIF> JU[r[
5FSM YFI K[.UFDDF>YL AFHZL,0F>UZ,3]>,TDFS]
JU[r[GL lGSF; YFI K[.UFDDF l;>cF[ S}JF µFZF
YFI K[.UFDDF T/FJ,diryo,R[S0[D,UMRZ JU[r[
VFJ[,F K[.
V{lTCFl;S
DFlCTL :
ZF,[H UFDGL :YF5GF VFXZ[ 500 JQFR 5C[,F Y[
CTL.T[ JBT [UFDDF ZF6F ;DFH µaraUFD
TMZ6 AF>WJFDF VFjI]> CT]>.VF
UFDGM ;DFJ[X 5[ÃF ZFHFGF 5ZU6FDF> YTM CTM.tIFZAFd UFD 5FZ;LG[ J[RJFDF VFJ[,.5KL d[XDF
,MSXFCL :Y5FTF VF UFD 56 VFhFd YI]>.U/FD5>RFITGF S>Mpa]NDDF
;ZdFZ 58[,GL 5/lTDF D}S[,L K[.UFDDF> 5/FYlDS
S]DFZXF/FGL X½VFT [,s1932 DF> VG[ 5/FYlDS
SgIFXF/FGL X½VFT [,s 1996 DF> TYF
DFwIlDS XF/FGL X½VFT [,s 1974 -75 DF>
Y[ CTL,
HMJF,FIS
:Y/M :


R[S0[D,
ZF,[H

WFlDRS DFlCTL :
UFDDF> lXkMTr DFTFG]>
m>idr,J[ZF[ DFTFG]> m>idr,CG]DFGHLG]> m>idr,ZFDHL m>idr,H{G d[ZF;Z,Dl:Hd JU[r[ VFJ[,F K[.

UFDDF\
VFJ[,F\ lXkMTr DFTFGF m>idr lJX[ SC[JFI K[ S[ X[#
HU0}XFGF\ JCF6 diryFDF\ O;F[ UI[,F\ T[ JBT[ T[DG[ diry F SF\#[
V[S dIvo d[BFI[,M VG[ V[ dIJFGF|\ ;CFZ[ T[VM ;CL ;,FDT 5FKF VFJ[,F\.tIFZ 5KL T[D6[ T[ :YFG 5Z V[S
m>idr A\WFjI]\ H[ VFH [lXkMTr DFTFGF m>idZ TZLS[ 5/bIFT
K[.VCL\\ VgG1F[+ 56 RF,[ K[.VF m>idZDF\
DCF ;]d 5}GDGF\ ldJ;[ S/X :YF5GF YI[,L TM dZ JQF[R
VF ldJ;[ m>idZDF
lJlXQ8 pHJ6L SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[.VF ldJ;[ VG[ ,FE5F\RDGF\ ldJ;[
m>idZDF D[/M EZFI K[.lXkMTr DFTFGF m>idZGL AFH]DF\ H W<QD[ÃZ DCFd[JG]\
DM8]\ m>idr VFJ[,]> K[.jIF\ AFZ HIMlTl,RU VFJ[,F K[.VCL\\ DCF Jd
T[Z;GF\ ldJ;[ DM8M ]t;J CMI K[.

UFDDF\ H{G WDRGF U]Z] zLD´ ZFHR\µHL V[ VCL\\GF\ DF;ZT/FJGF\
lSGFZ[ VFJ[,F J0 GLR[ T5 SZ[,]\.VCL\\ T[DG]\ SmT m>idr 56VFJ[,]> K[.


,MSHLJG:
UFDGF ,MSMGM D]bI BMrFS
dF/v EFT4 XFS4 ZM8,F4 ZM8,L
K[.UFDGF
:YFlGS ,MS JFnM -M,4 TA,F4 CFZDMlGID4
D>H LZF K[.UFDDF\
RZMTZGL
U]HZFTL
AM,FI K[.5F8
LdFZ ;DFH T[ AM,[ K[.>H[D
S[ 5M6L
C[\0 A[CM VMJ[
K [GF
Ad,[ C[ JU[Z[ UFDDF\ ,MS H LE[ R0[,F
VG[ 5/s\UM5FT 5Z\5ZFUT ,MSU
LTM UJFI K[ UFDDF\ B[[\0}T4 ;]YFZ4,]CFZ S\]EFZ DMR L
JF/\d DFKLDFZ dZHL5X]5F,S J6kr Sl0IF DH]Z S[A,
VM5Z[8Z VUlZIF C
LZF3;] J[5FZL lX1Fk T,F8L UFD;[Jk V[lgHlGIr SFZS]G 85F,L DaRS8Z
JFCG ZL5[ZZ H[JF jIJ;FISFZM VG[ ;[JSM K[.
:FFDFlHS –X{1Fl6S ;\:YFVM :
UFDDF\
5/FYlDS XF/F DFwIlDS VG[ ]rRTZ DFwIlDS XF/F,d}WGL
0[ZL,VF\U6JF0L,;[JF ;CSFZL D\0/L,5]:TSF,I VG[ 5xF] ;FZJFZ S[gµ
VFJ[,F K[.
UFDDF\ SrKL G[ DFZJF0L
,MSM 5X]5F,G VG[ J[5FZ VY[R VFJLG[ J:IF K[.UFDDF\ da½
VG[ TDFS] GF jI;G HMJF D/[ K[.;ZSFZL
VlWSFZLVM U/FD ;EF,XF/F 5/J[XMt;J,U]6Mt;J tYF
JCLJ8L SFD VY[R VFJL 5/xGMG]\ lGZFSZ6 SZ [K[.UFDDF\
V\dFH[ 40 H[8,F ,MSM[.;ZSFZL GMSZL SZ [K[.UFDGF\
,MSM XF/F
5/J[XMt;J,JF,L ;\D[,G VG[ ZFQ§LI
5JRGL pHJ6L ;DI[ XF/FDF\ VFJ[[K[.UFDDF\ H],F. VG[ VMUQ8 DF;DF\ D[,[lZIF H[JF ZMUM
HMJF D/[ K[.
UFDDF\ ;F{YL H}G]\ J<1F
J0G]\ K[.;F{YL H}G]\ 3Z 5FZ;LGM RMZM K[.;F{YL
DM8]\
3Z 0FCIFEF. O],FEF. 58[,G]\ K[.XF/FYL ;F{YL GHLSG]\ 3Z 5}GDEF.
0FCIFEF. HFdJG]\
K[.XF/FYL ;F{YL d}ZG]\ 3Z DFWFEF. AFAZEF. 5l-IFZG]\
K[.XF/FYL ;F{YL
GHLSG]\ B[TZ ;MD5]ZF 5/n]/¶EF.
;,F8G]\ K[.UFDDF\ [;F{YL DM8]\ B[TZ 0FCIFEF.
O],FEF. 58[,G]\ K[.UFDDF\ [;F{YL DM8L ]DZGF\ CIFT jIlST zL >Z6KMDEF[ GFYFEF> JF3[,F
K[.UFDDF\ ,uG JBT[ DMCGYF/,DU;,Z;,5]ZL,XLB\0,dF/,EFT,xFFS,OZ;F6
AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[.
UFDDF\ [;F{YL JWFZ[ ,LD0FGF\ J<1FM K[.
UFDDF\
[;F{YL 5C[,]\ 8LJL. d}W ]t5FdK ;CSFZL D\0/LDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\.
UFDGF\ UMlJ\dEF.
ZFI;\UEF. ZF#M0 TF.5\.GF VG[
lA5LGEF> DOTEF.
58[, lH___
5\.GF ;eI K[.UFDGL XF/FDF\ HLJG lX1F6, ;A/F lX1F6,U]HrFT,AF,;<lQ8 JU[Z[ ;FDlISM VFJ[
K[.UFDDF\ U]HrFT ;DFRFZ ;\d[X ldjI EF:SZ JU[Z ;DFRFZ5+M VFJ[
K[.UFDDF\ T],;L VZ0};L GUM/ UZDF/M
;F8M0L EF\uFZM ,LD0M O]dLGM A/FCDL JU[Z[ H[JL VF{QFlWI JG:5lTVM YFI [
K[.
UFDDF\ VFOT ;DI[ A]\lUIM -M, JUF0JFDF\ VFJ[
K[UFDGF\ 10@
/[HL AM,L XS [K[.UFDGF\ lJDFGDF\ D]:FFOZL SZGFZ 5/YD jIlST SF\lTEF.
0FCIFEF.
58[, K[.UFDDF\ H{G ;DFH µFZF 5/J[XµFZ AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[, K[
ટિપ્પણીઓ નથી:
ટિપ્પણી પોસ્ટ કરો